Archaic KJV Word
Patience
Modern equivalent: waiting calmly
What Was Lost
The two Greek words. Makrothymia was having a long fuse -- enduring provocation without retaliating. Hypomone was remaining under crushing pressure without buckling. Neither was passive. Both described active, costly, muscular endurance. 'Tribulation worketh patience' meant suffering built the spiritual muscle of active, unbending, weight-bearing endurance.
Closest Survivor in Modern English
patience (still used but stripped of the suffering-under-pressure, active-endurance dimension)
Peak Usage (1611)
KJV James 5:7 -- 'Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord'; Romans 5:3 -- 'Tribulation worketh patience'
Died still used but passivized (~1900)
Greek makrothymia ('long-tempered/having a long fuse/enduring under provocation without retaliating') and hypomone ('remaining under pressure/bearing up under crushing weight') passivized into 'waiting without complaining.'
What Replaced It
“waiting”
Passive time-spending; patience was active endurance under real suffering
“tolerance”
Accepting what you don't like; patience was bearing crushing weight without collapsing or retaliating
“calm”
Emotional state; patience was a fierce, determined act of will to endure